1967-90
UNC Nano Manipulator System
Frederick P. Brooks

"We present an atomic-scale teleoperation system that uses a head-mounted display and force-feedback manipulator arm for a used interface and a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) as a sensor and effector. the system approximates presence at the atomic scale, placing the scientist on the surface, in control, while the experiment is happening."

Taylor, R.M; Robinnett, W; Chi V.L; Brooks, F. P; Wright, W. V; Williams, R. S; Snyder E. J. "The Nanomanipulator: A Virtual-Reality Interface for a Scanning Tunneling Microscope". New York, NY, United States: Association for Computing Machinery, 1993.